emgaillard.overblog.com

Right, guys, I promised to give you access to grammar practice and here it comes !

Paste the following address and you will reach a page on which the most famous grammar reference book is stored and which I usually rely on.

www.uploady.com/#!/download/omS_zJ_2rEX/iYsz29uonzxEtFyu

Feel free to do any exercise you think you need and I will correct it if you hand it back to me.

Enjoy your holidays and see you on Monday !

Ms G.

THEMATIQUES

CROSSING CULTURES

Origin

Homeland terre natale

Roots racines

Heritage

Custom = tradition

Values

Identity

Relationship

Community

Ties liens

Culture gap fossé culturel

Misfit inadapté

Foreigner étranger

Land of opportunity

Prospects perspectives d’avenir

Cheap labour force main d’œuvre pas chère

Standard of living

Skilled/unskilled qualifié/non qualifié

Determined

Hard-working

Americanized

Involved in impliqué

Well off = rich

successful

Cultural

Abroad à l’étranger

Uprooted déraciné

Familiar/unfamiliar

Close to proche de

Faithful to fidèle à

(to) belong to appartenir à

(to) preserve

(to) belong somewhere/nowhere

(to) fit in = (to) integrate into

(to) adapt to

(to) overcome surmonter

(to) respect

(to) share partager

(to) betray trahir

(to) feel torn between être déchiré entre

(to) feel cut off from

(to) reject = (to) exclude

(to) manage to V/to fail to V réussir/ne pas réussir

(to) feel lost se sentir perdu

(to) wander errer

(to) run away = (to) escape from

(to) start from scratch/to start a new life

(to) settle s’établir

(to) fulfil a dream réaliser un rêve

(to) succeed réussir

Friendly/hostile

(to) be surrounded by être entouré de

LOOKS

Fashion

Trend tendance

Diet régime

Weight poids

Identity

Sense of belonging sentiment d’appartenance

Peer pressure pression sociale

Community

Relationship

Behaviour comportement

Practices pratiques

Customs coutumes

Personality

Social barriers

Hairstyle

Navel nombril

Trendy=fashionable

Thin/fat

Distinctive

Specific

Cultural

Studded clouté

Ripped déchiré

Worn out élimé, usé

Provocative

(un)conventional

Tolerant/intolerant

Shocked/shocking

Familiar/unfamiliar

Ill at ease mal à l’aise

Indecent

Convenient pratique, commode

Brand name clothes vêtements de marque

(to) follow the fashion

(to) be overweight avoir des kilos en trop

(to) be underweight

(to) lose weight/(to) put on weight

(to) pay attention to = (to) mind

(to) claim revendiquer

(to) identify with

(to) belong to

(to) share values partager des valeurs

(to) conform to

(to) move with the times être de son temps

(to) stand out from the crowd

(to) rebel against

(to) prove something to oneself

(to) object to

(to) tell off réprimander

(to) persuade someone that

(to) encourage/(to) discourage someone to

(to) expose dénuder

(to) restrict

(to) show off frimer

(to) have an argument se disputer

(to) lecture someone faire la leçon à qq’un

(to) blame someone for Ving

(to) look bored

(to) be fed up with

(to) expect someone to V vouloir que qq’un V

(to) urge someone to V pousser qq’un à

(to) judge bu its cover/by appearances

DREAMS

Need for something/need to V

Ambition to

Goal = purpose but

Challenge

Future prospects perspectives

The unknown l’inconnu

The American Dream

The Promised Land

Border frontière

The haves/the have-nots les nantis/les pauvres

Opportunity to

Standard of living

Refugee camp

From hand to mouth au jour le jour

Roots racines

Relative parent

Customs douane

Customs officer

Way out of poverty

Living/working conditions

Cheap labour force

Heaven paradis

Wild dream rêve fou

Illusion

Determined = strong-willed

Curious

Mature

Naive

Courageous

Kind-hearted bienveillant

Instead of Ving au lieu de

Real/imaginary

Hopeful/hopeless plein d’espoir/sans espoir

Ambitous

Optimistic/pessimistic

Realistic/idealistic

Confident = self-assured

Exciting = thrilling

Challenging stimulant

Abroad à l’étranger

Jobless = unemployed

Uprooted déraciné

Native country pays d’origine

Isolated

Distorted déformé

Poor = needy

Fantastic

Ludicrous ridicule

Attainable réalisable

(to) dream of

(to) feel like +Ving

(to) be dying to mourir d’envie de

(to) intend to = (to) plan to

(to) look forward to +Ving avoir hâte de

(to) appeal to somebody plaire à qq’un

(to) escape = (to) break away from

(to) widen one’s horizon élargir son horizon

(to) change lives changer de vie

(to) seek a better future chercher un meilleur avenir

(to) meet with obstacles

(to) cope with a situation faire face à une situation

(to) overcome surmonter

(to) achieve/(to) reach a goal atteindre un but

(to) fulfill a dream réaliser un rêve

(to) manage to V/(to) fail to V réussir/échouer

(to) succeed réussir

(to) move up the social ladder

(to) settle s’installer

(to) lack of manquer de

(to) starve mourir de faim

(to) make ends meet joindre les deux bouts

(to) be homesick avoir le mal du pays

(to) reject = (to) exclude

(to) adapt = (to) adjust

(to) belong to appartenir à

(to) get used to Ving s’habituer à

(to) feel sympathy for ressentir de la compassion pour

(to) be entitled to avoir le droit à/de

(to) seek asylum demander l’asile

(to) give up = (to) abandon

(to) start a new life/(to) start from scratch

(to) make it réussir

(to) strike it rich faire fortune

(to) hide (se) cacher

(to) look behind regarder derrière soi

(to) fobid someone to V interdire à qq’un de

(to) enable someon to V permettre à qq’un de

(to) be satisfied with

(to) improve

(to) question remettre en cause

(to) imagine that s’imaginer que

(to) feel quite sure that

(to) keep one’s fingers crossed croiser les doigts

(to) keep one’s thoughts to oneself

(to) come true se réaliser

(to) live in a dreamworld

(to) see things as they are

(to) come down to earth revenir sur terre

NETWORKS

Progress

The Internet

Device appareil

Laptop ordinateur portable

Privacy = private life

Leisure = free time

Craze engouement

Virtual

Multimedia

Screenshot capture d’écran

Appearance

A world of one’s own un monde à soi

Opportunity

Equipment

Traditional

Face-to-face

Digital numérique

Ill at ease mal à l’aise

Shy = reserved/outgoing

Fake = unreal

Exciting/dull

realistic

Online/offline

Time-consuming qui prend beaucoup de temps

adventurous

Entertaining divertissant

Addicted to

Convenient pratique

Useful/useless

Instant immédiat

Indispensable/superfluous

Trendy/old-fashioned

Up-to-date/obsolete

High-tech

(to) escape

(to) socialize

(to) communicate

(to) make friends with someone

(to) keep in touch rester en contact

(to) share partager

(to) make life easier

(to) move with the times être de son temps

(to) improve améliorer

(to) enable someone to permettre à qq’un de

(to) do without se passer de

(to) cut off from

(to) waste gâcher, perdre

(to) invent

(to) overcome surmonter

(to) pretend to V faire semblant de

(to) fulfil a dream

(to) break down barriers

(to) bget to know apprendre à connaître

(to) be connected to

(to) interact

(to) replace

(to) be/reveal oneself

(to) protect oneself from

(to) pry into s’immiscer dans

(to) pressure someone into Ving

(to) keep up the pace suivre le rythme

(to) be fed up with

Can’t bear

(to) cut oneself off from

(to) persuade someone not to

CLASHES

Clash = conflict

Showdown épreuve de force

Attack = assault

Fight = struggle

Homeland patrie

Duty devoir

Soldier

Battlefield = battleground champ de bataille

Slaughter massacre

Casualties les morts et les blessés

Wound blessure

Courage

Hero/heroine

Coward lâche

Victory/defeat

Recruiting office

Rifle fusil

Helmet casque

Veteran ancien combattant

Uniform

The front

Trench tranchée

Barbed wire barbelés

Ceasefire cessez-le-feu

Human being

Anti-war activist militant pacifiste

Strong/weak

Aggressive = hostile

Violent/non-violent

Peaceful pacifique, paisible

Warlike belliqueux

Friendly/unfriendly

Courageous = brave

Cowardly lâche

Patriotic

Idealistic/realistic

Guilty of coupable de

Sensible = reasonable

Absurd = pointless

Merciless impitoyable

Depressed déprimé

Desperate

Paradoxical

Proud fier

envious

(to) threaten menacer

(to) question contester

(to) refuse

(to) reject

(to) serve one’s country/a cause

(to) defend

(to) protect oneself/somebody from

(to) resist

(to) speak out against s’élever contre

(to) stand up for défendre

(to) complain se plaindre

(to) suffer from

(to) humiliate

(to exclude

(to) sue poursuivre en justice

(to) grow disillusioned perdre ses illusions

(to) condemn

(to) enlist s’enrôler

(to) feel ashamed of

(to) reproach someone for

(to) betray trahir

(to) prevent someone from Ving empêcher qq’un de

(to) convince someone to

(to) belong to appartenir à

(to) realize = (to) become aware

(to) obey someone

(to) break up with rompre

(to) go to war

(to) wage war faire la guerre

(to) call a truce faire une trêve

(to) celebrate

(to) fraternize

(to) be forced to/(to) force someone to

Can’t wait to avoir hâte de

(to) miss someone regretter l’absence de

(to) escape from = (to) run away from

(to) sacrifice oneself

(to) put pressure on someone

(to) risk one’s life

(to) dare to oser

(to) despise mépriser

(to) turn one’s back on tourner le dos à

(to) reproach someone with Ving

CONSUMERS

(over)consumption (sur)consommation

Consumer society

Consumer goods biens de consommation

Purchasing power pouvoir d’achat

Customer client

Credit card

Shopaholic accro du shopping

Brand marque

Target cible

By-product produit dérivé

Selling techniques

Ad/advert/advertisement publicité

Marketing strategy

Gap fossé

The haves/the have-nots

Bargain bonne affaire

Crowd foule

Shopping centre centre commercial

Awareness campaign campagne de sensibilisation

Barcode

Price tag étiquette

Pile

Trolley caddie

Shelf rayon

Potential buyer

The latest in le dernier cri en

An easy prey proie facile

Goal = aim = purpose but

Material possessions

Status symbol signe extérieur de réussite

Social standing

Success réussite

Taboo subject

Trendy branché, à la mode

Attractive = appealing

Useful/useless

Deceptive trompeur

destitute = very poor

effective efficace

aware of/that

eager to avide de

necessary/unnecessary

essential = vital

gullible crédule

state-of-the-art = up-to-date dernier cri

sophisticated très élaboré

obsolete dépassé

broke fauché

wealthy/poor

powerful/powerless

shallow superficiel

selfish égoiste

(to) consume

(to) launch a product/a campaign lancer un produit/une campagne

(to) purchase = (to) buy

(to) buy online/on the Internet

(to) attract someone = (to) appeal to someone

(to)advertise faire de la publicité pour

(to) make money/a profit

(to) influence

(to) manipulate

(to) encourage someone to

(to) pressure faire pression sur

(to) persuade someone to

(to) buy on credit

(to) get into debt s’endetter

(to) go to the sales faire les soldes

(to) rush in se précipiter

Can/can’t afford to avoir les moyens/ne pas avoir

(to) escape from

(to) refuse to

(to) refrain from Ving s’abstenir de

(to) disapprove of

(to) support soutenir

(to) have one’s say dire ce que l’on pense

(to) boost the economy stimuler l’économie

(to) create jobs

(to) collapse s’écrouler

(to) do without se passer de

(to) be short of manquer de

(to) meet the demand répondre à la demande

(to) promote promouvoir

(to) blame/reproach someone for

(to) brainwash someone into Ving laver le cerveau à qq’un pour qu’il…

(to) depend on

(to) make a choice

(to) lure allécher/attirer

(to) resist temptation

(to) fascinate

(to) be a slave to

(to) spend a fortune on

(to) replace

(to) stand for = (to) represent

(to) show off wealth étaler sa richesse

(to) admire

(to) link something with associer qqch à

COLOURS

Slave

Racism/racist/racial

Hate

Stereotype

Prejudice préjugés

Discrimination

Segregation

Second-class citizen

Outcast exclu

Equality/inequality

Civil rights droits civiques

Harmony

Values

Mixed marriage

Hard labour travaux forcés

In common en commun

Side by side côte à côte

Tolerant/intolerant

Narrow-minded borné, étroit d’esprit

Biased/unbiased partial/impartial

Equal/unequal

Inferior to/superior to

Multicultural

Different from/similar to

Close to proche de

Friendly amical

Idealistic

Full of hate/hatred

Indignant indigné

Shocked at

Scared = frightened

Responsible for

Suspiscious méfiant

Reluctant de peu désireux de

Resigned to

(to) enslave someone = (to) reduce to slavery

(to) exclude someone from

(to) be denied something se voir refuser qqchose

(to) be segregated from être séparé de

(to) be discriminated against être victime de discrimination

(to) be prejudiced against avoir des préjugés

(to) suffer from

(to) refuse to

(to) resist something

(to) rebel against

(to) fight = (to) struggle lutter

(to) denounce

(to) claim = (to) demand revendiquer

(to) sympathize with compatir

(to) appeal to

(to) share partager

(to) belong to appartenir à

(to) be on an equal footing être sur un pied d’égalité

(to) identify with

(to) lock up enfermer

(to) demonstrate manifester

(to) protest against

(to) trust someone faire confiance à qq’un

(to) live side by side

(to) behave se comporter

(to) insult

(to) reject

(to) blame someone for

(to) respect

(to) feel sorry for

(to) apologize for s’excuser

(to) mistrust someone se méfier de

(to) belong together aller ensemble

(to) get to know faire la connaissance de

(to) be sentenced to être condamné à

(to) curse maudire

(to) persecute

(to) be unfairly treated être traité de façon injuste

(to) feel pity for = (to) feel sorry for

BORDERS

Homeland patrie

Anthem hymne

Citizen citoyen

Citizenship citoyenneté

Foreigner étranger

Identity

Roots racines

Expat(riate)

Work permit

Green card permis de séjour et de travail (US)

Globalization mondialistation

Lifestyle

Eating habits

standardization

Link lien

Higher education études supérieures

Culture gap fossé culturel

Third World

Tech support assistance technique

Call centre centre d’appel

Health centre centre de soins

Industrialized

Developed

Developing en voie de développement

Emerging

Abroad = overseas à l’étranger

Outsourcing délocalisation

Foreign étranger

Illegal

Undocumented sans papiers

Uprooted déraciné

Multicultural

Worldwide mondialement

Identical to = similar to

Remote éloigné

Wild sauvage

Tolerant/intolerant

Open-minded ouvert d’esprit

Narrow-minded étroit d’esprit

Adamant inflexible

Stubborn têtu, obstiné

Puzzled déconcerté

interdependent

(to) emigrate to

(to) enter a country

(to) settle s’établir

(to) inhabit habiter

(to) grant someone something accorder qqchose à qq’un

(to) bridge a gap combler un fossé

(to) encourge someone to

(to) come and go aller et venir

(to) apply for poser sa candidature

(to) discover

(to) integrate into

(to) share

(to) mix with

(to) improve améliorer

(to) miss something/someone regretter

(to) outsource délocaliser

(to) provide fournir

(to) disappear disparaître

(to) persuade someone to = (to) convince someone to

(to) refuse to

(to) keep Ving ne pas arrêter de

(to) belong to appartenir à

(to) feel attached to

(to) acknowledge reconnaître

(to) give in capituler

(to) strike a deal conclure un accord

(to) make a fuss about faire des histoires

(to) comply with se conformer à

(to) manage to/to fail to

(to) go sightseeing faire du tourisme

(to) dominate

(to) spread (s’)étendre

(to) invade envahir

(to) escape

(to) be worth Ving valoir la peine de

SUJETS SOUVENT ABORDES AU BAC…

ARRANGED MARRIAGES

Responsibility

Narrow-minded / open-minded étroit d’esprit/ ouvert d’esprit

(im)mature

Short-lived éphémère

(to) go out with somebody

(to) marry someone = (to) get married to someone

(to) regard somebody/something as considérer qq’un/qqchose comme

(to) last durer

(to) be poles apart être aux antipodes l’un de l’autre

(to) stick to tradition se cramponner à la tradition

(to) force/(to) oblige somebody to+V

(to) be caught between être coincé entre

(to) dare +V oser +V

(to) stand up to somebody = (to) challenge somebody tenir tête à qq’un

(to) fear somebody might +V craindre que qq’un ne +V

(to) depend on somebody

GAP YEAR

Challenge

Understanding compréhension

Impact

Unknown

Motivating

Exciting

Constructive

Useful/useless utile/inutile

Valuable très utile

Genuine authentique

(to) be fond of/(to) be keen on

(to) be attracted to

(to) go overseas aller à l’étranger

(to) discover

(to) be involved in être engagé dans

(to) work side by side with travailler aux côtés de

(to) become aware of/that

(to) broaden one’s horizon élargir son horizon

(to) improve améliorer

(to) rely on compter sur

PEER PRESSURE

Margin marge

Self-image image de soi

Inferiority complex

Single

Weak/strong

Frustrated

Attractive

Paradoxical

(to) feel insecure se sentir mal dans sa peau

(to) be obsessed by

(to) make up for compenser

(to) be aware of/that

(to) be determined to+V

(to) improve

(to) be in control of

(to) stick to a decision s’en tenir à une décision

(to) turn over a new leaf/to start afresh tourner une page

BRANDS

An ad/an advert

Advertising

Self-image

Quality

Guarantee

Fashion victim

Counterfeit contrefaçon

Hard-wearing résistant

Expensive/cheap

Overpriced excessivement cher

Snobbish

Sensible raisonnable

(to) asvertise = (to) promote

(to) persuade somebody that/to +V

(to) make a profit

(to) be attracted to

(to) matter avoir de l’importance

Can/can’t afford to+V avoir/ne pas avoir les moyens de

It’s good value for money en avoir pour son argent

(to) be worth valoir

(to) show off frimer

MUSIC PIRACY

P2P (peer to peer) websites

copyright material

sale vente

financial loss perte financière

upward trend tendance

risky

unauthorised

available disponible

cheap/expensive

can’t afford to+V ne pas avoir les moyens de

(to) save économiser

(to) share partager

(to) have an impact on

(to) threaten menacer

(to) create unemployment

(to) steal voler

(to) break/(to) be against the law enfreindre la loi

(to) get caught se faire prendre

(to) face a lawsuit risquer un procès

(to) prosecute poursuivre en justice

(to) fine somebody condamner qq’un à une amende

(to) prevent somebody from +Ving empêcher qq’un de

MEDIA VIOLENCE

On-screen violence violence à l’écran

Influence

Impact/effect

Age limit

Pain/suffering souffrance

Values valeurs

Similar/different

Fictional/real

(un)suitable for (in)approprié

Mature/immature

Aware of/unaware of

(to) be exposed to

(to) depict= (to) show

(to) commit a crime/a violent act

(to) hurt/(to) injure blesser

(to) make a difference

(to) be likely to +V = will probably +V

(to) behave se comporter

(to) identify with

(to) imitate

(to) prevent/(to) keep somebody from +Ving

(to) control

(to) limit = (to) reduce

(to) censor censurer

SUCCESS

Criteria for critères de

Leisure loisirs

Ambition

Relationship

(un)necessary

Financial

Balanced équilibré

(to) define définir

(to) mean/(to) imply signifier/impliquer

(to) set oneself a goal se fixer un objectif

(to) succeed in something

(to) manage to +V

(to) fail to +V ne pas réussir à

(to) achieve accomplir

(to) broaden one’s horizon élargir ses horizons

(to) spend one’s life Ving passer sa vie à

Can/can’t afford to+V

(to) overcome obstacles surmonter les obstacles

(to) devote one’s time to consacrer son temps à

(to) provide for somebody subvenir aux besoins de

(to) live one’s life to the full vivre sa vie pleinement

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

A way of Ving un moyen de

Ethnic minority

Neighbourhood quartier

Sexism

Gender gap

Career

Wage

Sexual harassment

Abuse of power

Obstacle

CompetitIve exam concours

Equal opportunities

Full potential

Inferiority complex

Fair/unfair juste/injuste

Overworked

Low/high

Sexist/macho

Capable of

Qualified diplômé

Resentful plein de ressentiment

(to) lag behing rester à la traîne

(to) apply for a job poser sa candidature

(to) give somebody an advantage favoriser qq’un

(to) be reserved for

(to) climb the social ladder monter dans l’échelle sociale

(to) go into higher education faire des études supérieures

(to) succeed réussir

(to) be based on merit

(to) encourage somebody to

(to) deserve mériter

(to) work double day

(to) do the housework

(to) care for the children

(to) be confronted with

(to) take advantage of profiter de

(to) make advances to somebody

(to) be a victim of

(to) symbolize

(to) put up with something supporter quelque chose

CITIZEN OF THE WORLD

Childhood

Memories

Landscape paysage

Sense of identity

Values

Human rights droits de l’Homme

Commitment engagement

Solidarity = brotherhood/sisterhood

Close to proche de

Proud fier

Stifling étouffant

Cosmopolitan

Multinational

Local/global

Interdependent

(to) be ashamed avoir honte

(to) remind somebody of something rappeler qqchose à qq’un

(to) share partager

(to) belong somewhere = (to) fit in être à sa place quelque part

(to) be aware of

(to) endeavour s’efforcer

GENERATION GAP

Behaviour comportement

Taste goût

Strict = severe

Constantly

I’ve had enough of/I’m fed up with j’en ai assez de

So what ? et alors ?

(to) be one somebody’s back être sur le dos de qq’un

(to) complain about

(to) criticize somebody for

(to) prevent sombody from Ving

(to) be a pain in the neck être casse-pieds

(to) play by the rules respecter les règles

(to) let somebody V

(to) move with the times être de son temps

(to) feel like Ving avoir envie de

(to) have fun s’amuser

(to) make the most of profiter de

SMOKING BAN

Heavy smoker gros fumeur

Law législation

Passive smoking

Health

Freely librement

Dangerous

legal/illegal

effective efficace

ridiculous/stupid

(to) be addicted to

Can’t help +Ving ne pas pouvoir s’empêcher de

(to) disturb déranger

Can’t stand/can’t bear ne pas supporter

(to) denounce

(to) fine condamner à une amende

ENVIRONMENT

IMMIGRATION

VIOLENCE AND CRIME

GUN CONTROL

contrôle des ventes d'armes : gun control

le droit de porter une arme : the right to bear an arm

taux de criminalité : crime rate

fusil : rifle

fusillade dans une école : school shooting

massacre : slaughter

bain de sang : bloodbath

tendance à la violence : violence trend

législation sur les armes à feu : gun law

autodéfense : self-defense

traumatisme : trauma

menace : threat

victime : victim

peine de mort : death penalty

représailles : retaliation

délit : crime

cambriolage : burglary

délinquance juvénile : juvenile delinquency

loi : law ; - projet de loi : bill

règle/ règlementation : regulation

mouvement de protestation : protest movement

manisfestant : demonstrator

chiffres de la criminalité : crime figures

questions d'ordre public : law and order issues

escalade de la violence : escalation of violence

violent : violent

criminel : criminal

meurtrier : murderous

impulsif : impulsive

de sang froid : cold-blooded

sans pitié : callous / pitiless

illégal : unlawful

coupable : guilty

méchant : mean

chiffres arlamant : staggering/alarming figures

qui ne prend pas parti : non-committal

respectueux des lois : law-abiding

braquer une arme sur qqn : to aim a gum at sby

tuer : to kill

blesser : to injure / to wound

avoir la gachette facile : be trigger-happy

imiter : to emulate

se venger : to take revenge of / get even with / retaliate

glorifier : glorify

se faire justice soi-même : to take the law into one's hand

vider son chargeur : to empty one's magazine

massacrer : to slay

prendre parti : to take sides

légaliser : to legalise

manifester : to demonstrate

ADDICTION/TOXICOMANIE

la toxicomanie

drug abuse

se droguer

to take drugs
to be on drugs

un drogué

a drug addict

un consommateur de drogue

a drug taker

un toxicomane

an addict

la came

dope
shit
junk

la marijuana

marijuana

l’herbe

weed

un dépresseur

a depressant

amphétamines

uppers

des hallucinogènes

hallucinogens

la cocaïne

coke

opium

opium

une dose

a dose

respirer de la colle

glue sniffing

fumer de l’herbe

to smoke grass

mâcher de l’opium

to chew opium

inhaler une ligne de coke

to sniff a line of coke

se piquer

to mainline

se shooter avec

to be stoned on

être en manque

to crave for drugs
to be cold turkey

le pouvoir de dépendance

addictiveness

mourir d’un overdose

to die from an overdose

la désintoxication

detoxification

désintoxiquer

to detoxify

être sevré de

to be weaned off

un centre de désintoxication

a drug clinic

une cure de désintoxication

a drug therapy

des cultures illicites

illegal crops

synthétiser une drogue

to synthetize a drug

le traffic des stupéfiants

drug traffic

le Triangle d’Or

the Golden triangle

le Croissant d’Or

the Golden Crescent

un sous-produit

a by-product

le commerce de la drogue

the drug trade

un trafiquant de drogue

a drug trafficker

le narcotrafic

the narcotics trade

introduire de la drogue en contrebande

to smuggle drugs into a country

les traffiquants de drogue

drugs traffickers
drug traders

un fournisseur
un dealer

a dealer

un seigneur de la drogue

a drug lord

un revendeur de drogue

a drug pusher

la contrebande de drogue

to run drugs

faire venir la drogue par avion

to fly drugs in

expédier la drogue par avion

to fly drugs out

un réseau de drogue

a drug connection

le milieu de la drogue

the drug underworld

une brigade des stupéfiants

a drug squad

combattre le fléau de la drogue

to fight the drug scourge

une operation coup de poing

a strike

un chien renifleur

a drug-sniffing dog

infiltrer un réseau

to infiltrate a ring

smoking ban

interdiction de fumer

second-hand smoking

fumer passivement:

drug addiction

toxicomanie:

drug dealer

dealer de drogue

drug trafficking

trafic de drogue

to go in detox

faire une cure de désintoxication:

withdrawal symptoms

état de manque

a syringe:

une seringue

narcotics:

les stupéfiants

hard drugs

drogues dures

soft drugs

drogues douces

COMPREHENSION ECRITE

1. LIRE LE TEXTE EFFICACEMENT

• Repérer les points essentiels sur les personnages, les lieux
• Maîtriser la grammaire de base : prépositions de lieu/déterminants possessifs

1. COMPRENDRE LES CONSIGNES :

• Comprendre la question posée
• Tenir compte du temps employé dans la question
• Citer le texte avec rigueur
• Surveiller l’orthographe

1. SITUER L ACTION DANS LE TEMPS

• Situer la scène
• Repérer les charnières temporelles
• Maîtriser les modaux

1. COMPRENDRE LES FAITS

• Repérer les phrases clés

1. CERNER LA PSYCHOLOGIE DES PERSONNAGES

• Lexique de la psychologie

1. COMPRENDRE LES LIENS AVEC LES PERSONNAGES
2. ANALYSER UN TEXTE

• Repérer le type de texte
• Repérer le type de discours

1. MAITRISER LES OUTILS DE REPRISE
2. COMPRENDRE UN MOT INCONNU

• Reconnaître un mot
• Place dans la phrase
• Formation des mots/composition
• Dérivation
• Tirer parti du contexte

EXPRESSION ECRITE

1. . ANALYSE DE LA CONSIGNE

• Type de sujet
• Nombre de mots

1. ECRIRE UN DIALOGUE

• Relire le texte de base
• Introduire des paroles/décrire la manière de parler
• Produire une langue parlée
• Mettre en œuvre les fonctions de communication propres au dialogue
• Savoir présenter un dialogue

1. ECRIRE UNE LETTRE

• Contenu de la lettre cohérent
• Forme de la lettre

• Relations familières

• Relations formelles

• S’adresser à son correspondant

• Dear/dearest + prénom
• Dear all
• Hi ! Hi everybody !

• Dear Sir/Dear Madam
• Dear Mr + nom/ Dear Mrs + nom

• Commencer une lettre

• It’s ages since I’ve written…
• I’m sorry I haven’t written before
• I got your letter two days ago
• How good i twas to hear from you
• Thank you for your letter, which came yersterday…

• I’ve just received your letter
• I am writing to ask whether…
• Many thanks for your letter of December 25th…
• In reply to your letter dated May 15th…

• Terminer une lettre

• Write soon
• See you soon
• Hope to hear from you soon
• Take care of yourself

• I look forward to hearing from you
• My kindest regards to
• I should be grateful for an early reply

• Formules de politesse

• With love from…
• Lots of love from…
• Much love, as always

• Yours faithfully
• Yours sincerely
• Best regards
• yours

1. ECRIRE LA SUITE D’UN RECIT

• Si le récit est au présent : présent simple = faits bruts ou suites d’actions successives, présent en ing = action en cours de déroulement / peut être dépréciatif, present perfect = action qui se rattache au présent.
• Si le récit est au passé : préterit = narration d’événements complètement terminés, préterit en ing = action en cours dans le passé, pluperfect = événements passés antérieurs à des événements déjà décrits au prétérit

1. RELATER UNE EXPERIENCE PERSONNELLE

• Mobiliser le lexique du souvenir/ de la mémoire

1. TRAITER UN SUJET DE REFLEXION

• Différents types de sujet : commenter et/ou discuter une idée, répondre à une question générale en prenant position
• Analyse précise de ce qui est demandé : soulignez les mots importants du sujet
• Faire un plan
• Rédiger une introduction

1. VARIER L’EXPRESSION
2. EXPRIMER UN JUGEMENT

• Prendre position
• Nuancer un jugement

1. UTILISER LES MOTS DE LIAISON

• coordonnants
• Subordonnants

1. EVITER LES CALQUES SUR LE FRANÇAIS
2. REGLER LES PROBLEMES DE CONSTRUCTION

Annexe 1 : VOCABULAIRE DES CONSIGNES

A blank/a gap un blanc

Bold écrit en gras

A chart un tableau

(to) circle entourer

A device un procédé

(to) fill in a grid remplir un tableau

(to) fit convenir à

(to) focus on porter son attention sur

Inverted commas guillemets

(to) match faire correspondre

(to) quote/a quotation citer/une citation

(to) rephrase reformuler

A stage une étape

(to) stand for représenter

(to) take into account prendre en compte

(to) tick cocher

(to) underline souligner

Annexe 2 : ADVERBES ET CONJONCTIONS DE TEMPS

Afterwards ensuite

Already déjà

Eventually finalement

Once autrefois/une fois que

Soon bientôt

Then ensuite

As alors que/au moment où

Till/until jusqu’à ce que

Since depuis que

Whenever à chaque fois que

While pendant que

Annexe 3 : LEXIQUE DE LA PSYCHOLOGIE

Delight/delighted joie intense

Satisfaction/satisfied satisfaction

Sorrow/sorrowful peine, chagrin/découragé

Worry/worried souci/soucieux

Optimism/optimistic optimiste

Hope/hopeful espoir

Enthusiasm/enthusiastic enthousiaste

Determination/determined determiné

Reluctance/reluctant réticence

Despair/desperate desespoir

Friendship/friendly amitié

Sympathy/sympathetic compassion/compatissant

Spite/spiteful malveillance

Scorn/scornful dédain

Contempt/contemptuous mépris

Confidence/confident confiance

Shame/shameful honte

Shock/shocked choc

Fright/frightened effroi

Cowardice/cowardly lâcheté

Panic/panic-stricken panique

Commitment/committed engagement

Straightforwardness/straightforward siplicité/hônneteté

Relief/relieved soulagement

Annexe 4 : RELATION ENTRE LES PERSONNAGES

They can’t stand each other

They keep their distance from

They are fed up with

They make them feel uneasy

They are wary about her

They have great respect for

They trust them

They enjoy each other’s company/ they get on very well

They have a lot in common/they are very close

They feel sorry for her

+ -

(to) be fond of avoir de l’affection pour (to) dislike

(to) love (to) hate

(to) adore (to) loathe détester

(to) be keen on (to) resent ne pas apprécier

(to) worship vénérer (to) look down on regarder de haut

(to) look up to admirer (to) despise mépriser

(to) yearn for/long for aspirer à (to) be reluctant on rechigner à

(to) be willing to être disposé à

Annexe 5 : ANALYSER UN TEXTE

An omniscient narrator narrateur omniscient

A first person narrative récit à la première personne

A conversation

An interior monologue

The topic thème, sujet

An episode/an event une péripétie

The plot l’intrigue

A climax un point culminant

A diary un journal intime

(to) depict/(to) portray dépeindre

(to) bring out faire ressortir

(to) convey transmettre

(to) criticize critiquer

(to) stress/(to) enhance accentuer, mettre en valeur

(to) dwell on insister sur

Annexe 6 : DECRIRE LE TON

Précis accurate

Familier colloquial

Comique (destiné à faire rire) comic

Comique (faire rire sans l’intention de faire rire) comical

Terne dull

Plat flat

Humoristique humourous

Vivant lively

Emouvant moving

Réaliste realistic

Spirituel witty

Annexe 7 : FAUX AMIS

Actual véritable, réel

Agony douleur très intence

(to) attend fréquenter

Candid franc

(to) claim revendiquer/prétendre

(to) deceive tromper

Delay retard

Eventually finalement

Evidence preuves

Grief chagrin

A journey voyage

A library bibliothèque

A novel roman

A patron client

A prejudice préjugé

(to) prevent empêcher

(to) resume reprendre

Sensible sensé

Annexe 8 : VERBES POUR INTRODUIRE DES PAROLES

(to) add ajouter

(to) beg supplier

(to) boast se vanter

(to) complain se plaindre

(to) confess avouer

(to) exclaim s’exclamer

(to) mutter marmonner

(to) offer proposer

(to) reply répondre

(to) shriek hurler

(to) sigh soupirer

(to) stammer balbutier

(to) stutter bégayer

(to) threaten menacer

(to) urge demander de manière insistante

(to) whisper murmurer

Annexe 9 : S’EXPRIMER A L’ORAL

• Introduire son opinion

As for me/I must say that/I have a feeling that

• Approuver/désapprouver

That’s quite true/True enough/How right you are !/I agree entirely

I’m not sure, actually/I don’t think that’s right

I can’t agree with/You can mean that !/You must be joking

• Exprimer un refus

It’s extremely kind of you, but/Thanks a lot but

I’ve decided not to/I don’t intend to/I don’t reckon I will

I’m afraid I can’t cope

I think that’s nonsense

I don’t see why

No way !/Never !

• Exprimer son indifférence

I don’t care/I couldn’t care less

It doesn’t matter/Never mind !

• Exprimer un souhait/un regret/ une déception

I wish + préterit/If only + préterit

It’s a great disappointment

I must say I had hoped

I’d been looking forward to

• Exprimer une obligation/une interdiction

You must + verbe/I think you have to + verbe

You know, you’re supposed to/You’re expected to

I’m afraid you must not/I don’t think you should + verbe/You can’t + verbe

• Exprimer un conseil

If I were you, I’d + verbe

I reckon you should

Take my advice and

The way I see it, you shold + verbe

I suggest that/What about + verbe-ing

Annexe 10 : LEXIQUE DU SOUVENIR

(to) remember se souvenir

(to) forget oublier

(to) recall se remémorer

(to) remind someone of something rappeler quelque chose à quelqu’un

A memory un souvenir

A souvenir un souvenir pour touriste

Annexe 11 : VARIER L’EXPRESSION

Bad : defective défectueux, qui a un défaut

Damaging préjudiciable, nuisible

Harmful malfaisant, nuisible

Poor médiocre, faible, mauvais

Pathetic pitoyable, navrant

Evil mauvais, malveillant, néfaste

Serious grave, sérieux

Beautiful : attractive séduisant

Delightful charmant

Fine délicat, admirable

Gorgeous formidable, superbe

Handsome distingué, beau

Big : considerable considérable

Leading principal, de premier plan, dominant

Powerful puissant

Prominent marquant, frappant, bien en vue

Significant significatif, de grande portée

Valuable de grand prix, précieux

Good : fine beau, délicat, raffiné, admirable

First-class de premier ordre

Great intense, éminent, splendide

Pleasant sympathique, agréable

Worthy digne, louable, noble

Efficient efficace, compétent, capable

Friendly amical, accueillant

Enjoyable agréable, plaisant

Important : far-reaching d’une grande portée

Major majeur

Significant significatif

Serious sérieux, grave

Outstanding remarquable, exceptionnel

Essential essentiel, indispensable, fondamental

Interesting attractive séduisant, attrayant

Compelling irrésistible

Gripping palpitant, passionnant

Stimulating stimulant, enrichissant

Unusual inhabituel, insolite

Idea : a thought une pensée

A belief une conviction, une idée

A view un avis, des vues

A clue un indice

A hint une allusion, une insinuation, une nuance

An outlook une perspective

Problem : a difficulty une difficulté

A dilemma un dilemme

An issue un problème

A predicament une situation difficile, fâcheuse

A riddle une énigme

(to) think (to) acknowledge reconnaitre

(to) believe penser, croire

(to) consider envisager

(to) feel penser, avoir le sentiment que

(to) hold considérer, maintenir

(to) regard estimer

(to) regard as tenir pour, considérer comme

(to) suppose supposer

(to) presume présumer

(to) claim prétendre

(to) show (to) appear apparaître

(to) disclose dévoiler

(to) display montrer ostensiblement

(to) exhibit exposer

(to) reveal révéler

(to) explain expliquer

(to) prove prouver

(to) illustrate donner un exemple

(to) stop (to) put an end to mettre fin à

(to) ban proscrire, interdire

(to) curb limiter

(to) give up abandonner

(to) quit renoncer à

(to) succeed (to) achieve réaliser, mener à terme

(to) get ahead bien s’en sortir

(to) make it parvenir à ses fins

(to) manage to+V arriver à faire quelque chose

(to) prevail l’emporter

(to) understand (to) be aware of avoir conscience de

(to) realize se rendre compte de

(to) work out arriver à imaginer, résoudre

(to) gather déduire

Annexe 12 : PRENDRE POSITION

1.Introduire une opinion

As for me/as far as I’m concerned

In my view/to my mind

According to + personne qui n’est pas vous

To my mind

I must say/I must admit that

It is obvious that

There can be no doubt that

2.Dire que vous êtes d’accord

I agree with

I approve of +Ving

I acknowledge that

I wonder whether

3.Dire que vous n’êtes pas d’accord

I do not agree with/I disagree with

I disapprove of +Ving

I object to +Ving

I am opposed to +Ving

Annexe 13 : NUANCER UN JUGEMENT

Actually en fait

At the end of the day en fin de compte

Basically au fond, dans l’ensemble

Eventually finalement

Highly hautement, extrêmement

Hopefully avec un peu de chance, j’espère que

Increasingly de plus en plus

Presumably probablement

Primarily avant tout

Reportedly il semblerait que

Slightly légèrement

Supposedly soi-disant, prétendument

Thoroughly complètement

Annexe 14 : COORDONNANTS

Actually en fait

Anyway de toute façon

Besides d’ailleurs

Consequently par conséquent

Conversely inversement

Furthermore en outre

Moreover de plus

And then et puis

Somehow pour une raison ou pour une autre

So ainsi

Therefore par conséquent

Thus ainsi

However cependant

Nevertheless néanmoins

And yet/yet et pourtant/pourtant

Otherwise sinon

Annexe 15 STRUCTURER SON DISCOURS–

Ordonner ses idées

premièrement firstly / first of all

avant tout first and foremost

tout d’abord to begin with

deuxièmement secondly

puis / ensuite then / next

troisièmement thirdly

finalement finally / lastly

d’un côté on the one hand

d’un autre côté on the other hand

le dernier mais non le moindre last but not least

Expliquer

à cause de because of

en raison de owing to / due to

grâce à thanks to

faute de for lack of

comme / puisque since / as

par conséquent therefore

donc so

en d’autres termes in other words

en grande partie to a large extent

en quelque sorte somehow

ce qui revient à dire this amounts to saying that

pour dire les choses autrement to put it differently

c’est-à-dire that is to say

ce que je veux dire, c’est… what I mean is

Donner des exemples

Par exemple for example / for instance

Cela me rappelle it reminds me of

Pour illustrer mon point de vue to illustrate my point

Pour donner un exemple to give an example

Ajouter de nouvelles idées

de plus / en outre in addition / besides /moreover /furthermore

de la même façon likewise / similarly

sans oublier not to mention

nous pouvons également dire que… we could also say that…

aussi / de même also

Restreindre son

point de vue

mais but

en revanche conversely

cependant however / yet

néanmoins nevertheless

jusqu’à un certain point up to a point

dans une certaine mesure to a certain extent

Introduire une

opposition

En aucun cas nous ne devons By no means must we

Pour rien au monde Not for any reason

Faire une transition

en ce qui concerne concerning / as regards

au fait by the way

qu’en est-il de… what about…

quant à as for / as to

en réalité / à vrai dire actually

en fait as a matter of fact

en effet indeed

Résumer

pour résumer to summarize / to cut a long story short

en résumé to sum up

en un mot in a word

en bref in a nutshell

en effet indeed

en gros roughly

Conclure

en conclusion to conclude / inconclusion

en guise de conclusion as a conclusion

tout bien considéré all things considered

j’aimerais conclure en disant que… I’d like to conclude by saying that

That’s a fear I’m gonna live with for the rest of my life, however long that has to be. You can’t come forward against the world’s most powerful intelligence agency and be completely free from risk because they’re such powerful adversaries that no one can meaningfully oppose them. If they want to get you, they’ll get you in time.

But at the same time you have to make a determination about what it is that’s important to you and living…living unfreely but comfortably is something you’re willing to accept, and I think many of us are, this is human nature, you can get up every day, you can go to work, you can collect your large paycheck for relatively little work against the public interest and go to sleep at night after watching the shows, but if you realize that that’s the world you help to create and it’s gonna get worse in the next generation and the next generation, you’ll extend the capabilities of the architecture of oppression, you realize that you may light willing to accept any risk and it doesn’t matter what the outcome is so long as the public gets to make their own decisions about how it’s applied.

Why should we care about surveillance ?

Because even if you’re not doing anything wrong, you’re watched and recorded and then storage capabilities of these systems increases every year consistently by order of magnitude where it’s getting to the point you don’t have to done anything wrong, you simply have to eventually have raised suspicion from somebody, even by a wrong call and then they can use this system to go back in time to scrutinize every decision you’ve ever made, every friend you’ve ever discussed something with, and attack you on that basis to sort of derive suspicion from an innocent life and pay to anyone in the context of wrong doer.

CONSTRUCTION D'UN TEXTE ARGUMENTATIF


J'INTRODUIS LE SUJET
It is a well-known fact that...
In today's society
Nowadays
It's commonly said that
It's generally believed that...
Let us weigh the pros and cons of
We may wonder whether/to what extent


JE PRESENTE LE PROBLEME
To what extent..... ?
However / yet
Should we... ?


JE PRESENTE L'ARGUMENT QUE JE NE PARTAGE PAS
To start with.../to begin with...
First of all
It is clear that...


JE M'APPUIE SUR UN OU PLUSIEURS EXEMPLES
For instance/such as


JE MONTRE QUE JE CHANGE D'ARGUMENTATION
On the other hand
However/yet


J'AJOUTE DES ELEMENTS
Besides
in other words
To put it differently
, or even...


JE CONCLUS EN DONNANT MON POINT DE VUE
After weighing the pros and cons of this topic
To conclude
On the whole
All things considered
For all these reasons






EXEMPLE :


Should we always tell the truth ?


1. From an early age, we are taught that telling the truth is the right thing to do and is what we should always do. We admire those who live in a truthful manner and come to respect them. 2. However, humans do not always practice what they preach. So should we always tell the truth ?


3. First of all, it is clear that telling the truth can sometimes put you in an uncomfortable situation. The problem with humans is that we seem to run away from pain and discomfort. If a girl asks 'Does this dress make me look fat ?', it is a trap ! Do not answer this question and RUN AWAY.4 . Another more serious example is when it comes to telling somebody that they suffer from an incurable disease, for instance, and that they can only expect to live a few more months. Is it the right thing to tell the truth if the person is not ready to face it ? It may be better to hold your tongue if you know it will do more harm than good. There is no point in telling people things that they obviously do no want to hear.


5. However, when considering what to do, we should also bear in mind how unpleasant it is to discover that someone has lied to us. In fact the more you like the person, the more painful it is to discover you have been deceived. 6. Besides, once you have discovered somebody has lied to you, you find it hard to trust the person afterwards. This is why we whould think twice before lying.


7. So to conclude, it seems it is quite difficult to tell the truth all the time. The truth can sting and in some situations, lying makes life much easier. Yet, all things considered, it does not seem advisable to lie unless you know for sure that the truth can hurt the person more than a lie.

As the video was deleted from YouTube, you'll only be able to watch a 2'30 footage but it should be enough for you to collect your impressions about it.